The following video demonstrates each syllable of the pinyin structure
and the exercise of pinyin/zhuyin with basic Chinese 4-tune pronunciation

Mandarin pinyin tunes
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gū, gú, gǔ, gù

first tune

gū

estimate 估 gū

evaluate; estimate 估計 gū jì
estimate 估 gū	count; compute 計 jì

mushroom 菇 gū

alone; orphaned 孤 gū

orphan 孤兒 gū ér
orphaned 孤 gū	child 兒 ér

lonely; solitary 孤獨 gū dú
alone 孤 gū	alone 獨 dú

Chinese characters also pronunced gū

third tune

gǔ

ancient times 古 gǔ

antique 古董 gǔ dǒng
ancient times 古 gǔ	director 董 dǒng

valley 谷 gǔ

gorge; mountain valley 山谷 shān gǔ
mountain 山 shān	valley 谷 gǔ

bone 骨 gǔ

drum 鼓 gǔ

drumming; beat a drum 打鼓 dǎ gǔ
beat 打 shān	drum 鼓 gǔ

Chinese characters also pronunced gǔ

fourth tune

gù

firm; solid 固 gù

firm and solid 堅固 jiān gù
firm; hard 堅 jiān	firm; solid 固 gù

past; former 故 gù

story; tale 故事 gù shì
past; former 故 gù	thing; matter 事 shì

homeland; native land 故鄉 gù xiāng
former 故 gù	hometown 鄉 xiāng

hire; employ 雇 gù

employer 雇主 gù zhǔ
hire; employ 雇 gù	host; owner 主 zhǔ

look after; care for 顧 gù

take care of someone 照顧 zhào gù
care 照 zhào	look after; care for 顧 gù

Chinese also characters pronunced gù