The following video demonstrates each syllable of the pinyin structure
and the exercise of pinyin/zhuyin with basic Chinese 4-tune pronunciation

Mandarin pinyin tunes
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gāi, gái, gǎi, gài

first tune

gāi

should; ought to 該 gāi

should; ought to 應該 yīng gāi
should 應 yīng	should; ought to 該 gāi

Chinese characters also pronunced gāi

third tune

gǎi

alter; change 改 gǎi

repent and reform mend one's ways 改過 gǎi guò
alter; change 改 gǎi	fault; mistakes 過 guò

fourth tune

gài

beggar 丐 gài

beggar 乞丐 qǐ gài
beg 乞 qǐ	beggar 丐 gài

cover; lid 蓋 gài

lid; cover 蓋子 gài zi
cover; lid 蓋 gài	suffix 子 zi

general; approximate 概 gài

generally; approximately 大概 dà gài
greatly 大 dà	general; approximate 概 gài

concept; general idea 概念 gài niàn
general; approximate 概 gài	think of 念 niàn

Chinese characters also pronunced gài